Ua hoʻohui anei ʻoe i ka Aluminium Sulphate i loko o kāu pahu hoʻōla wai, me ka manaʻo e like me ka wai aniani, a laila e nānā wale i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pH ʻoiai e mau ana ka wai i ke ao ʻole? ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. I ka hoʻōla wai, he mea ikaika ka Alum, akā he kemika hoʻi ia inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kāohi i ke kaiapuni.
Ke hana ka aluminiuma sulfate me ka wai, ʻaʻole ia e "hoʻoheheʻe wale"—hoʻoulu ia i kahi hopena kemika paʻakikī a hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻololi i ka kemika wai i kekona. Inā he iki iki ka hewa o ka mahana, ka alkalinity, a i ʻole ka dosage, e hāʻule kāu kaʻina hana coagulation, e lilo ana iā ʻoe ka manawa a me ke kālā.
Ma kēia alakaʻi, e wāwahi mākou i ke kemika kikoʻī ma hope o ka hopena alumini sulfate a me ka wai, e wehewehe i ke kumu e hana ai kāu pH i ke ʻano o ia hana, a hōʻike iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻokele ai i ka hopena no ka pono o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻIkepili o ka Aluminum Sulfate
ʻAlumini sulfate, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano kemika e like me Al2(SO4)3, he mea paʻa kristal keʻokeʻo i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kaʻina hana mālama wai. Ke hana ka alumini sulfate me ka wai, hana ia i ka hydrolysis, kahi hopena kemika kahi e wāwahi ai nā mole wai i ka hui i loko o kāna mau iona. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia hopena i nā noi like ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai.
ʻAluminium sulfate: Hana Hydrolysis a me ke ʻano kemika
I ka wā e pili ai me ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka alumini sulfate i nā ion alumini (Al³⁺) a me nā ion sulfate (SO₄²⁻). A laila hana hou nā ion alumini me nā molekala wai ma o ka hydrolysis, e hana ana i kahi moʻo o nā ʻano alumini hydroxide. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻalahi ʻia kēia kaʻina hana penei:
Al3++ 3H2Al(OH) → Al(OH)3↓ + 3H+
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), he gelatinous precipitate, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hydrogen ions (H⁺), ka mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka acidity i loko o ka hopena.
Ke kuleana o ka Alumini Hydroxide
He mea hoʻohuihui maikaʻi loa ka alumini hydroxide i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hydrolysis. Ma muli o kona ʻili nui a me ka hoʻouku maikaʻi, hoʻopau ia i nā ʻāpana i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e like me:
- Lepo a me ka ʻōpala
- Mea olaola
- Nā meaola liʻiliʻi
I ka nalowale ʻana o ke kūpaʻa o kēia mau ʻāpana, hoʻomaka lākou e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o nā hui nui aʻe, i ʻike ʻia he flocs. He mea nui kēia kaʻina hana no:
- Coagulation - hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia
- Flocculation - ke hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia
Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe maʻalahi ʻia kēia mau flocs ma o ka sedimentation a i ʻole ka kānana ʻana, e hopena ana i ka wai ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a me ka maopopo.
Ka hopena o ka Aluminum Sulfate ma ka pH a me ka Alkalinity
ʻO kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka hydrolysis alumini sulfate ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā ion hydrogen, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka pH o ka wai a hoʻemi i ka alkalinity. ʻO ke ʻano kēia:
- Lilo ka wai i ʻoi aku ka waikawa
- Hoʻemi ʻia ka mana buffering (alkalinity)
I loko o nā ʻōnaehana me ka alkalinity haʻahaʻa—e like me nā loko ʻauʻau a i ʻole kekahi mau kumu wai maka—hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana. No ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻia ka alkalinity ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hui e like me ka sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).
He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā pae pH kūpono (ma kahi o 6.0–7.5 no ka coagulation) no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o nā coagulants i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka alumini.
ʻO ka Aluminum Sulfate i nā noi mālama wai
He mea nui ka hopena ma waena o ka alumini sulfate a me ka wai i nā kaʻina hana mālama wai o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i:
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai inu
- Ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino
- Ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka wai o ka loko ʻauʻau
ʻO kona pono, ka uku kūpono, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana e lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā coagulants i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Nā Manaʻo Kaiapuni
ʻOiai he ikaika loa ka alumini sulfate, pono e kāohi pono ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO ke koena alumini keu i loko o ka wai i mālama ʻia hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaiapuni a me nā lula. No laila:
- He mea nui ka hoʻoponopono pololei ʻana i ka dosage
- Pono ka nānā mau ʻana
- Pono e hōʻoia ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka wai kūloko
ʻO ka hoʻokele kūpono e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.
Ke hui pū ka alumini sulfate me ka wai, hana ia i ka hydrolysis e hana i ka alumini hydroxide a me nā hydrogen ions. Hana ka alumini hydroxide hopena ma ke ʻano he coagulant ikaika, e hiki ai ke wehe i nā mea haumia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma o ka coagulation a me ka flocculation.
Me ka kaohi pH kūpono, ka dosing, a me ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ka alumini sulfate kahi hopena hilinaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi no nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai hou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-05-2024
