ʻEkolu mau hōʻailona e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ke koho ʻana iā PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) he polymer flocculant i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kahua o ka mālama wai. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻenehana o PAM ka ionicity, hydrolysis degree, molecular weight, etc. He hopena koʻikoʻi kēia mau hōʻailona i ka hopena flocculation o ka mālama wai. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hōʻailona e kōkua koke iā ʻoe e koho i nā huahana PAM me nā kikoʻī kūpono.

Lonicity

ʻO ka Lonicity e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana o ke kaulahao molekala PAM i nā koina maikaʻi a i ʻole. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka pae o ka ionization i ka hopena flocculation o ka mālama wai. ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ionicity, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena flocculation. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka lawe ʻana o nā kaulahao molekala PAM ionic nui a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e hōʻuluʻulu ai lākou e hana i nā flocs nui aʻe.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Polyacrylamide i nā ʻano anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), a me nā ʻano non-ionic (NPAM) e pili ana i kā lākou ionicity. Loaʻa nā hopena like ʻole o kēia mau ʻano PAM ʻekolu. Ma nā noi kūpono, pono e koho ʻia ka ionicity kūpono ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka waiwai pH o ka wai i mālama ʻia, ka electronegativity, a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. No ka laʻana, no ka wai ʻawaʻawa, pono e koho ʻia ka PAM me ka cationicity kiʻekiʻe; no ka wai ʻōpala alkaline, pono e koho ʻia ka PAM me ka anionicity kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hopena flocculation maikaʻi aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma ka hui ʻana i ka PAM me nā degere ionic like ʻole.

Degere o ka Hydrolysis (no APAM)

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrolysis o PAM e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrolysis o nā hui amide ma kāna kaulahao mole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke degere o ka hydrolysis i haʻahaʻa, waena, a kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrolysis. ʻO ka PAM me nā degere like ʻole o ka hydrolysis he ʻokoʻa nā waiwai a me nā hoʻohana.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka PAM me kahi haʻahaʻa o ka hydrolysis no ka mānoanoa a me ka stabilization. Hoʻonui ia i ka viscosity o ka hopena, e ʻae ana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hoʻopuehu maikaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻeli ʻana i nā wai, nā uhi, a me ka ʻoihana meaʻai.

ʻO ka PAM me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hydrolysis he hopena flocculation maikaʻi a kūpono ia no nā ʻano lapaʻau wai like ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hana i nā flocs nui ma o ka adsorption a me ka bridging, a laila e hoʻokō wikiwiki ai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā kula o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a me ka dehydration sludge.

ʻO ka PAM me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrolysis he ikaika adsorption a me ka decolorization hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili maikaʻi a hoʻoneʻe i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai ʻino, e like me nā kala, nā metala kaumaha, a me nā mea kūlohelohe, ma o nā hoʻopiʻi a me nā hui adsorption ma ke kaulahao polymer.

Kaumaha Molekala

ʻO ke kaumaha molekala o PAM e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o kona kaulahao mole. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paona molekala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena flocculation o PAM. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i ka PAM kiʻekiʻe molecular kaumaha ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e hōʻuluʻulu ai lākou e hana i nā flocs nui aʻe. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo PAM molecular kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka paʻa o ka floc.

Ma nā noi kūpono, ʻo ke kaumaha o ka molekala o PAM i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaona o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana e koi i nā koi kiʻekiʻe, maʻamau mai ka miliona a hiki i ka ʻumi miliona. He haʻahaʻa loa nā koi kaumaha molekala o PAM i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka sludge, ma ke ʻano maʻamau mai ka miliona a hiki i ka ʻumi miliona.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā hōʻailona e like me ka ionicity, hydrolysis degree, a me ke kaumaha molecular nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hopena noi o PAM i ka mālama wai. I ke koho ʻana i nā huahana PAM, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo piha i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a koho e like me nā hōʻailona ʻenehana PAM e loaʻa ai ka hopena flocculation maikaʻi loa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono, a me ka maikaʻi o ka mālama wai.