No ke aha e koho ai i ka Polyaluminium Chloride no ka mālama wai

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wai he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino lehulehu, a ʻo kāna kumu e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai palekana a hoʻokō i nā pono o nā noi like ʻole. Ma waena o nā ʻano hana wai wai,polyaluminum chloride(PAC) i koho nui ʻia no kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa a me ka hopena coagulation maikaʻi.

Ka hopena coagulation maikaʻi: He hana coagulation maikaʻi loa ka PAC a hiki ke hoʻopau maikaʻi i nā mea haumia e like me nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, nā colloids a me nā mea ola ʻole i ka wai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohui o PAC

ʻO ke ʻano o ka polyaluminium chloride (PAC) ma ke ʻano he coagulant ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka papa pālua uila, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻupena. ʻO ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ka papa uila ʻelua ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka PAC i ka wai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ion alumini a me nā ion chloride i papa adsorption ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana colloidal, no laila e hoʻopaʻa i ka papa uila pālua ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana colloidal, e hoʻoneʻe ai lākou. condense; adsorption bridging ʻO nā cations i loko o nā molekala PAC e huki kekahi i kekahi a me nā koina maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana colloidal, e hana ana i kahi ʻano "alahaka" e hoʻopili ai i nā ʻāpana colloidal lehulehu; ʻo ka hopena ʻupena ma o ka adsorption a me ka hopena bridging o nā molekala PAC a me nā ʻāpana colloidal, nāna e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana colloidal. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pūnaewele o nā molekole coagulant.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai polyaluminum chloride

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā flocculants inorganic, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena decolorization o nā kala. ʻO kāna ʻano hana ʻo ia ka hiki i ka PAC ke hoʻoikaika i nā molekala kala e hana i nā flocs maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka pale ʻana o ka papa pālua uila.

Ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ka PAM me ka PAC, hiki i nā molekole polymer anionic ke hoʻohana i ka hopena bridging o kā lākou mau kaulahao molekala lōʻihi e hoʻohua ai i nā flocs mānoanoa me ka hui pū ʻana o ka mea hoʻokele. Kōkua kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hopena hoʻonā a maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i nā ion metala kaumaha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā pūʻulu amide i loko o nā kaulahao ʻaoʻao o nā molekole anionic polyacrylamide hiki ke hana i nā paʻa ionic me -SON i loko o nā molekole dye. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia paʻa kemika e hōʻemi i ka solubility o ka flocculant organik i loko o ka wai, a laila e hāpai i ka hoʻokumu wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ua o nā flocs. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia mīkini paʻa hohonu i ka pakele ʻana o nā ion metala kaumaha, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana.

Ma keʻano o ka weheʻana i ka phosphorus,ʻaʻole hiki ke nānāʻia ka pono o ka polyaluminum chloride. Ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka phosphorus, hiki iā ia ke hydrolyze e hana i nā ion metala alumini trivalent. Hoʻopili kēia ion i nā phosphates hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino, e hoʻohuli ana i ka hope i loko o ka phosphate precipitates. Hoʻopau maikaʻi kēia kaʻina hoʻololi i nā ion phosphate mai ka wai ʻino a hōʻemi i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka phosphorus ma nā kino wai.

Ma waho aʻe o ka pane pololei me ka phosphate, ʻo ka hopena coagulation o ka polyaluminum chloride ka mea nui i ka hana hoʻoneʻe phosphorus. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka adsorption a me ka hoʻopili ʻana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka papa hoʻopiʻi ma ka ʻili o nā ion phosphate. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i nā phosphates a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ʻōpala e hui koke i loko o nā puʻupuʻu, e hana ana i nā flocs e maʻalahi ke hoʻoponopono.

ʻO ka mea nui aʻe, no nā mea koʻikoʻi i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia i hana ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea hoʻoneʻe phosphorus, hoʻohana ʻo PAC i kāna ʻano hana hopu ʻupena kūʻokoʻa a me ka hopena neutralization ikaika e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu mālie a me ka mānoanoa o kēia mau mea paʻa, a laila condense, aggregate, a flocculate i loko. nā ʻāpana nui. A laila noho kēia mau ʻāpana i ka papa lalo, a ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai paʻa, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai supernatant, a laila e loaʻa ai ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka phosphorus. ʻO kēia pūʻulu o nā kaʻina hana kino a me nā kemika paʻakikī e hōʻoia i ka pono a me ka paʻa o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hōʻoia paʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai.