Shijiazhuang Yuncang Water Technology Corporation Limited

Hana Hana Wai

Hana Hana Wai

Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana Wai a me nā Hana Kemika

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水处理

Kāpae

Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ʻike nui ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i nā ʻano hana ʻenehana. ʻO ka mālama wai ʻoihana ʻaʻole ia he loulou koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i ka holomua holomua o ke kaʻina hana, akā he mea nui hoʻi e hoʻokō ai i nā lula kaiapuni a me nā koi hoʻomohala hoʻomau.

水处理

ʻAno Hana Wai

ʻAno hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai Ke kumu nui Nā mea lapaʻau nui Nā hana nui.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka wai maka E hoʻokō i nā koi o ka wai home a ʻoihana paha Wai kumu wai maoli Hoʻopili, hoʻomoe, coagulation.
Kaʻina hana wai E hoʻokō pono i nā koi kaʻina hana wai kaʻina hana ʻoihana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa, desalination, deoxygenation.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wai anuanu E hōʻoia i ka hana maʻamau o nā mea hana Kaapuni wai hooluolu Lapaʻau dosing.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻōpala E pale i ke kaiapuni wai ʻino ʻoihana Ka mālama kino, kemika, olaola.
Hoʻoponopono wai hana hou E hoemi i ka inu wai hou wai hoʻohana E like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai.

 

水处理

Nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau i ka wai

Māhele Nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau Hana
ʻAiʻa Flocculating PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, alumini sulfate, etc. Wehe i nā mea paʻa paʻa a me nā mea olaola
Nā mea maʻi disinfectants e like me TCCA, SDIC, ozone, chlorine dioxide, Calcium Hypochlorite, etc Pepehi i nā microorganisms i loko o ka wai (e like me ka bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa)
mea hoʻoponopono pH Aminosulfonic acid, NaOH, lime, sulfuric acid, etc. Hoʻoponopono i ka pH wai
Nā mea hoʻoneʻe ion metala EDTA, Ion exchange resin Wehe i nā ion metala koʻikoʻi (e like me ka hao, ke keleawe, ke kēpau, cadmium, mercury, nickel, etc.) a me nā ion metala ʻino ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai.
Mea hoʻopaneʻe unahi Organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids Kāohi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka unahi e nā iona calcium a me ka magnesium. Aia kekahi hopena o ka wehe ʻana i nā ion metala
Deoxidizer Sodium sulfite, hydrazine, etc. Wehe i ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e pale i ka ʻino o ka oxygen
Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻO ka waikawa citric, ka waikawa sulfuric, ka waikawa aminosulfonic Wehe i ka unahi a me nā haumia
ʻO nā mea ʻokiʻoki ozone, persulfate, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, etc. Disinfection, wehe i nā mea haumia a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, etc.
Nā mea palupalu e like me ka lime a me ka sodium carbonate. Wehe ʻia nā ion paʻakikī (calcium, magnesium ions) a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka unahi
Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe/Antifoam   Kāohi a hoʻopau i ka huʻa
Ka wehe ʻana Kalsium Hypochlorite e hoʻoneʻe i ka NH₃-N mai ka wai ʻino e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu

 

水处理

Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolako:

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama wai ʻoihana

 
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ʻO ka mālama wai ʻoihana e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻenehana a me kona hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai ma o ke kino, kemika, ke ola a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻoihana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hana ʻoihana, a ʻike ʻia kona koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻano aʻe:

1.1 E hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana

Wehe i nā haumia i loko o ka wai e like me nā ion metala, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā pono hana a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.

Kāohi i ka ʻino: ʻO ka oxygen dissolved, carbon dioxide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā mea metala a pōkole ke ola o nā mea hana.

E hoʻomalu i nā microorganism: ʻO ka bacteria, algae a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ka huahana, pili i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka palekana olakino.

 

1.2 E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana pono

E ho'ēmi i ka manawa haʻahaʻa: Hiki i ka mālama wai maʻamau ke pale i ka scaling a me ka corrosion, e hōʻemi i ka pinepine o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, a pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana hana.

E hoʻonui i nā kūlana kaʻina hana: Ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai, hiki ke loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka wai e kūpono i nā koi kaʻina e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke kaʻina hana.

 

1.3 E hoemi i na koina hana

E mālama i ka ikehu: Ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu mea hana a hiki ke mālama ʻia nā kumukūʻai hana.

Kāohi i ka scaling: ʻO nā ion paʻakikī e like me ka calcium a me ka magnesium i loko o ka wai e hana i ka unahi, pili i ka ʻili o nā mea hana, e hoʻemi i ka pono o ka lawe ʻana i ka wela.

Hoʻonui i ke ola o nā mea hana: E hōʻemi i ka ʻino a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea hana, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe ʻana o nā mea hana, a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi.

E hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai: Ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻōpala o nā biocides a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai hana.

E hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai: Ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke koena o nā mea maka i loko o ka wai ʻōpala a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ka hana ʻana, pēlā e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻōpala o nā mea maka a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana.

 

1.4 Mālama i ke kaiapuni

E ho'ēmi i nā mea hoʻohaumia: Ma hope o ka mālamaʻiaʻana o ka waiʻino o kaʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻemiʻia ka manaʻo o ka pollutant emissions a hiki ke pale i ka wai.

E hoʻomaopopo i ka hana hou ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai wai: Ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka wai ʻoihana a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai hou.

 

1.5 E hoʻokō i nā lula kaiapuni

E hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu: Pono ka wai ʻino ʻoihana e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu ʻāina a kūloko, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kahi ala nui e hoʻokō ai i kēia pahuhopu.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻaʻole pili wale ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻenehana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana, akā pū kekahi i nā pono waiwai a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni o nā ʻoihana. Ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻepekema a kūpono hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai a hiki ke hāpai ʻia ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻoihana e uhi i kahi ākea ākea, e like me ka mana, kemika, pharmaceutical, metallurgy, meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana inu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

hana-wai-hana-11

Nā ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi i loko o ka Tndustrial Water Treatment and Chemical Applications

 
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2.1 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻoikaika kino (Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka wai maka)

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka wai i ka wai ʻoihana ka mea nui i ka kānana mua, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, flotation, disinfection, pH adjustment, metala ion removal a me ka kānana hope. ʻO nā kemika i hoʻohana mau ʻia:

Coagulants a me flocculants: e like me PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, alumini sulfate, etc.

Softeners: e like me ka lime a me ka sodium carbonate.

Disinfectants: e like me TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, etc.

Nā mea hoʻoponopono pH: e like me ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, etc.

Metal ion removersEDTA, Ion exchange resin etc.,

scale inhibitor: organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids, etc.

Adsorbents: e like me ka carbon activated, activated alumina, etc.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana e hoʻopau pono i nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, nā mea haumia organik, nā ion metala a me nā microorganism i loko o ka wai, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka wai i nā pono hana, a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka mālama ʻana ma hope.

ʻO ka paila - Ka Laʻana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wai Maka

Kaʻina hana wai

2.2 Kaʻina Hana Wai

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai kaʻina hana i ka mālama wai ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pretreatment, softening, deoxidation, hao a me ka wehe ʻana i ka manganese, desalination, sterilization a me ka disinfection. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i nā kemika like ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a hōʻoia i ka hana maʻamau o nā mea ʻenehana like ʻole. ʻO nā kemika maʻamau ka:

ʻO nā coagulants a me nā flocculant:

e like me PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, alumini sulfate, etc.

Nā mea palupalu:

e like me ka lime a me ka sodium carbonate.

Nā mea maʻi maʻi:

e like me TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, etc.

Nā mea hoʻoponopono pH:

e like me ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, etc.

Nā mea wehe iʻa metala:

EDTA, resin hoololi Ion

Mea ho'ohiolo i ka unahi:

organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids, etc.

Nā mea hoʻopili:

e like me ka carbon activated, activated alumina, etc.

Hiki i kēia mau mea kemika ke hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole o ka wai kaʻina ma o nā hui kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai like ʻole, e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai e kūpono i nā kūlana hana, hoʻemi i ka pōʻino o nā mea hana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana pono.

Kaapuni wai hooluolu

2.3 Kaapuni ana i ka wai hooluolu

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoluʻu kaʻapuni ʻana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa ia o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana (e like me nā mea kanu kemika, nā mea kanu mana, nā mea kila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), kahi e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai nā ʻōnaehana wai hoʻomaha no nā mea hana a me nā kaʻina hana. Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoluʻu ke kaʻapuni i ka scaling, corrosion, microbial growth a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou nui wai nui a me ka neʻe pinepine ʻana. No laila, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai kūpono e kāohi i kēia mau pilikia a hōʻoia i ka hana paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai anuanu e pale aku i ka scaling, corrosion a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ke kino i loko o ka ʻōnaehana a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoilo. E nānā i nā ʻāpana nui i ka wai anuanu (e like me ka pH, paʻakikī, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, microorganisms, etc.) a me ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka wai no ka mālama ʻana.

ʻO nā coagulants a me nā flocculant:

e like me PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, alumini sulfate, etc.

Nā mea palupalu:

e like me ka lime a me ka sodium carbonate.

Nā mea maʻi maʻi:

e like me TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, etc.

Nā mea hoʻoponopono pH:

e like me ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, etc.

Nā mea wehe iʻa metala:

EDTA, resin hoololi Ion

Mea ho'ohiolo i ka unahi:

organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids, etc.

Nā mea hoʻopili:

e like me ka carbon activated, activated alumina, etc.

ʻO kēia mau mea kemika a me nā ʻano lapaʻau e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka scaling, corrosion, a me ka microbial contamination, e hōʻoia i ka hana paʻa lōʻihi o ka ʻōnaehana wai hoʻomaha, e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino o nā lako a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻōpala

2.4 Hoʻoponopono wai ʻino

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻona i nā ʻano he nui e like me nā ʻano o ka wai ʻino a me nā pahuhopu mālama, ʻo ka mea nui e pili ana i ka pretreatment, acid-base neutralization, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea paʻa paʻa, waena a me ka holomua holomua, disinfection a sterilization, sludge treatment a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai. Pono kēlā me kēia loulou i nā kemika like ʻole e hana pū i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka pono a me ka paʻa o ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla wai.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana i ʻekolu mau ala nui: kino, kemika a me ka biological, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu a hōʻemi i ka pollution kaiapuni.

ʻAno kino:sedimentation, kānana, flotation, etc.

ʻano hana kemika:neutralization, redox, chemical precipitation.

Ke ala olaola:ʻO ke ʻano o ka sludge i hana ʻia, ka membrane bioreactor (MBR), etc.

ʻO nā kemika maʻamau ka:

ʻO nā coagulants a me nā flocculant:

e like me PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, alumini sulfate, etc.

Nā mea palupalu:

e like me ka lime a me ka sodium carbonate.

Nā mea maʻi maʻi:

e like me TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, etc.

Nā mea hoʻoponopono pH:

e like me ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, etc.

Nā mea wehe iʻa metala:

EDTA, resin hoololi Ion

Mea ho'ohiolo i ka unahi:

organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids, etc.

Nā mea hoʻopili:

e like me ka carbon activated, activated alumina, etc.

Ma o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kēia mau mea kemika, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e like me nā kūlana, a hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai.

Mahope-Wastewater-Treatment1-scaled

Hoʻoponopono wai hana hou

2.5 Hoʻoponopono Wai Hana Hou

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai e pili ana i kahi ʻano hoʻokele waiwai wai e hoʻohana hou ana i ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai wai, ua hoʻohana nā ʻoihana ʻoihana he nui i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, ʻaʻole ia e mālama wale i nā kumu wai, akā e hōʻemi pū ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. ʻO ke kī o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino i mea e hoʻokō ai ka maikaʻi o ka wai i nā koi no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana, e koi ana i ka pololei o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai i hana hou ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi:

Hana mua:wehe i nā ʻāpana nui o nā haumia a me ka momona, me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā PAC, PAM, etc.

Hoʻololi pH:hoʻololi i ka pH, nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau i ka sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, calcium hydroxide, etc.

Lapaʻau olaola:wehe i nā mea olaola, kākoʻo i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa microbial, hoʻohana i ka ammonium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.

Lapaʻau kemika:ka hoʻoneʻe oxidative o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā metala kaumaha, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ozone, persulfate, sodium sulfide, etc.

ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka membrane:hoʻohana i ka reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, a me ka ʻenehana ultrafiltration e wehe i nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.

Disinfection:wehe i nā microorganisms, hoʻohana i ka chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, etc.

Nānā a hoʻoponopono:E hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai i nā kūlana a hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoponopono a me nā lako nānā no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.

Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe:Hoʻopau a hoʻopau paha lākou i ka ʻūhā ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka haʻalulu o ka wai a me ka luku ʻana i ka paʻa o ka pua. ( Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi o nā defoamers: nā ʻōnaehana mālama olaola, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino kemika, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala, ka mālama wai ʻai meaʻai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala, etc.)

Calcium hypochlorite:Lawe lākou i nā mea haumia e like me ka amonia nitrogen

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kaʻina hana a me nā kemika e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻohana hou, e ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka hana ʻoihana.

E mālama i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika

 
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koho pololei: E koho i nā kemika e like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me nā koi hana.

Ka hoomalu ana: ʻO ka nui a i ʻole ka lawa ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka hopena a i ʻole nā ​​​​hopena ʻaoʻao.

Palekana hana: E hahai i nā kaʻina hana palekana o nā kemika (e like me ke komo ʻana i nā mea pale).

Hoʻāʻo mau: E hoʻolālā i ka hoʻolālā lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka nānā ʻana ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka lab.

Hoʻomalu-no-ka-hoʻohana-o-kemika

No ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ka mālama wai ʻoihana?

 
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Hiki i nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ke wehe pono i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai a hōʻoia i ka kūpono o ka wai i nā kūlana ʻoihana a me nā koi hoʻoponopono.

ʻO nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o nā laina hana, e hōʻemi i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana a me ka manawa haʻahaʻa, a pēlā e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai hana lōʻihi.

ʻO nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e kōkua i nā ʻoihana e hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe o nā mea hana ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka corrosion, scaling, foaming a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ke hoʻopau pono i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai ʻino, e like me nā metala kaumaha, nā mea olaola, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, etc.

Hāʻawi nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ke kākoʻo kūpono no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana, i hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka wai ʻino ma hope o ka mālama hohonu ʻana, e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā kumu wai maoli, a e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana.

Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana, hiki i nā kemika hoʻōla wai ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a hoʻemi i ka ʻōpala kumu wai.

E hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. I nā ʻoihana e like me ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā uila, a me nā kemika, pili pono ka maikaʻi o ka wai i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ke kūpaʻa hana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻoihana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hana ʻenehana hou. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia kāna kaʻina hana a me kāna koho kemika e like me nā koi kaʻina kikoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā kemika ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hopena lapaʻau, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i nā kumukūʻai a hōʻemi i ka hopena i ke kaiapuni. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā koi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, e hoʻomohala ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana i kahi ʻoi aku ka naʻauao a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.